Fine-tuning multilevel modeling of risk factors associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment outcome

Abstract This retrospective study evaluated the influence of known risk factors on nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) response using a pocket depth fine-tuning multilevel linear model (MLM). Overall, 37 patients (24 males and 13 females) with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis underwent NSPT. Follow-up visits at 3, 6, and 12 months included measurements of several clinical periodontal parameters. Data were sourced from a previously reported database. In a total of 1416 initially affected sites (baseline PD ≥ 4 mm) on 536 teeth, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) reductions after NSPT were evaluated against known risk factors at 3 hierarchical levels (patient, tooth, and site). For each post-treatment follow-up, the variance component models fitted to evaluate the 3-level variance of PD and CAL decrease revealed that all levels contributed significantly to the overall variance (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent NSPT and were continually monitored had curative results. All 3 hierarchical levels included risk factors influencing the degree of PD and CAL reduction. Specifically, the type of tooth, surfaces involved, and tooth mobility site-level risk factors had the strongest impact on these reductions and were highly relevant for the success of NSPT.

Panorama do câncer de mama em mulheres no norte do Tocantins - Brasil / Overview of female breast cancer in northern Tocantins - Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a variação temporal dos percentuais de câncer mamário feminino em estádios precoce e tardio e analisar as variáveis sócio-demográficas associadas com esses estádios. Métodos: estudo de dados secundários realizado entre 2000 e 2015 no Hospital Regional de Araguaína, Araguaína, TO, Brasil. Resultados: foram diagnosticados 51,1% de casos de câncer mamário em fase avançada e 48,9% em fase precoce. Não houve diferença significativa dos percentuais de pacientes com estádios precoces e tardios ao longo dos anos avaliados. As mulheres de raça/cor preta, analfabeta e de procedência do sudeste do Pará apresentaram maior porcentagem de estadiamento tardio no momento do diagnóstico. Conclusões: a maioria das mulheres foi diagnosticada com doença avançada; a evolução temporal da proporção de casos (avançado/precoce) não demonstrou mudanças variacionais ao longo dos anos; foi identificado associação da doença em estádio avançado nas mulheres de raça/cor preta, analfabetas e provenientes do sudeste do Pará.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the temporal variation of the percentages of female breast cancer in early and late stages and analyze socio-demographic variables associated with these stages. Methods: study of secondary data performed between the years of 2000 and 2015 in the Araguaína Regional Hospital - Araguaína - TO - Brasil. Results: breast cancer in advanced stages were diagnosed in 51.1% of the cases and at an early stage in 48.9%. There was no difference between the percentages of patients with early and late stages over the years. Women of race/black, illiterate and origin of the southeast of Pará presented a higher percentage of late staging at diagnosis. Conclusions: most women was diagnosed with advanced disease; the time evolution of the proportion of cases (advanced/early) did not demonstrate variational changes over the years; association of the disease has been identified in advanced stage in women of race/black, illiterate and from the southeast of Pará state.